Prostate Cancer
Elevated Biomarkers
PSA
Symptoms:
- Difficulty urinating or weak urine flow
- Frequent urination, especially at night
- Blood in the urine or semen
- Erectile dysfunction
- Pain or discomfort in the pelvic area, lower back, or upper thighs
- Bone pain or fractures
Signs:
- Enlarged prostate gland on digital rectal examination (DRE)
- Elevated prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels
Risk Factors
- Age: The risk of prostate cancer increases with age, with most cases occurring in men over 50.
- Family History: Having a first-degree relative (father, brother, or son) with prostate cancer increases the risk.
- Race: African American men have a higher risk of prostate cancer than men of other races.
- Genetic mutations: Inherited mutations in certain genes, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, increase the risk
- Diet: High intakes of red meat and dairy products and low intake of fruits and vegetables may increase the risk
- Obesity: Being overweight or obese may increase the risk
- Smoking: Smoking may increase the risk of aggressive prostate cancer
Other Screening Tools:
- Digital rectal examination (DRE): Recommended as part of routine physical exams for men aged 50 and older
- Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: Recommended for men aged 50 and older, or earlier for men at higher risk (e.g., African American men or those with a family history of prostate cancer
- Prostate Biopsy: Recommended if the DRE or PSA tests indicates abnormalities suggestive of prostate cancer
Next Exam(s) To Do
- Ultrasound of the Prostate: If OneTest indicates elevated predictive risk for prostate cancer, an ultrasound of the prostate would be performed for further evaluation. Prostate biopsy may be taken for diagnosis. This involves taking small tissue samples form the prostate gland to determine if suspected mass is present.
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